Glossary · Sales & CRM

What is MRR (Monthly Recurring Revenue)?

5 min read · Updated on 8 July 2026
Definition MRR (Monthly Recurring Revenue) is the monthly recurring revenue generated by a company’s active subscriptions. It is the benchmark metric for subscription-based models (SaaS, recurring services): it smooths revenue into a predictable monthly baseline and tracks net growth once gains and losses are accounted for.
The full entry
The essentials in brief
  • MRR = monthly recurring revenue from active subscriptions, expressed on a normalised monthly basis.
  • Formula : MRR = number of customers × ARPA (average revenue per account per month).
  • ARR = MRR × 12 : the annualised equivalent, used for yearly planning and reporting.
  • MRR is broken down into new / expansion / churned to understand where growth comes from (or goes).
  • Churn erodes MRR : each cancellation removes recurring revenue, regardless of new sales.
I How is MRR calculated?

How is MRR calculated?

MRR is calculated in the most straightforward way:

MRR = number of active customers × ARPA

where ARPA (Average Revenue Per Account) is the average revenue per account per month. Annual subscriptions are converted to a monthly basis (e.g. a €1,200/year subscription counts as €100 of MRR).

Numerical example. An SME SaaS company has 80 customers paying an average of €50/month:

  • MRR = 80 × 50 = €4,000
  • ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue) = MRR × 12 = €48,000

The value of MRR lies in its predictability: unlike one-off revenue, it indicates the expected revenue baseline for the following month, all else being equal. This recurring baseline provides cash flow reassurance and is used to value subscription-based businesses.

× 12
ARR = MRR × 12 (annualised equivalent)
4 components
new, expansion, contraction and churned MRR
ARPA
average revenue per account per month
II Net MRR: new, expansion, ...

Net MRR: new, expansion, churned

Total MRR can hide opposing movements. To understand growth, the monthly change is broken down as follows:

  • New MRR: recurring revenue added by new customers.
  • Expansion MRR: additional revenue from existing customers upgrading (upsell) or adding options (cross-sell).
  • Contraction MRR: revenue lost from customers downgrading without leaving.
  • Churned MRR: revenue lost from customers who cancel.

Net growth is then calculated as:

Net MRR gained = New + Expansion − Contraction − Churned

Example. In one month: +€600 new, +€200 expansion, −€150 churned. Net MRR gained = 600 + 200 − 150 = +€650. Two companies may show the same new MRR but have very different trajectories depending on their churn.

III Why churn is the real cei...

Why churn is the real ceiling for MRR

Churn (attrition rate) is the percentage of customers — or MRR — lost over a period. It acts like a leak: as long as it remains high, a portion of new sales only serves to replace departures rather than growing the baseline.

An illustrative benchmark: with a 5% monthly churn, a €4,000 MRR base automatically loses €200 per month with no new sales or expansion. Therefore, at least the same amount of new + expansion is needed just to break even.

This is why subscription businesses monitor MRR and churn together: sustainable growth comes as much from retention (reducing churned MRR, driving expansion) as from acquisition. Properly managing subscriptions — renewals, plan changes, cancellations — is the key to healthy MRR; this is the role of Orizen’s subscription management, which tracks every recurring revenue movement.

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IV Frequently asked questions

Answers to the questions we get asked most.

What is the difference between MRR and ARR?

MRR (Monthly Recurring Revenue) is the monthly recurring revenue, while ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue) is its annualised equivalent: ARR = MRR × 12. Operations are often managed monthly using MRR, whereas ARR is used for annual reporting or company valuation. Both measure the same recurring baseline, just on different time scales.

How does churn affect MRR?

Churn removes recurring revenue with every cancellation (churned MRR) and every downgrade (contraction MRR). These losses are subtracted from gains (new + expansion) to give net MRR. High churn forces you to sell a lot just to offset departures, which caps growth: reducing churn and driving expansion are often more profitable than accelerating acquisition alone.

How do you include annual subscriptions in MRR?

Everything is normalised to a monthly basis: an annual subscription billed at €1,200 counts as €100 MRR (€1,200 / 12). This normalisation lets you compare monthly and annual customers on the same scale and obtain a consistent MRR. Note that MRR (smoothed monthly revenue) is not the same as actual cash received, which may be collected in a single payment at the start of the year.

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